How to read this. Each row is where United States imports a material from — the
immediate customs origin, sorted by single-supplier concentration. ⛏ marks a top source that is also
the material's lead miner (a genuine origin); without it, the supplier is a refiner or hub and the real
mine sits further upstream (open the material's profile to see where).
Import-vulnerability index (19/100). A value-weighted average, across United States’s
imports, of each material’s supply-risk index × how concentrated United States’s
own sourcing of it is. High when it buys intrinsically risky materials from a single supplier; lower when
it diversifies. The risk column below is the material’s own score — multiply it by the country’s
share to see where United States is most exposed.
China’s share of United States’s critical-material imports, 2002–2024: 4% → 4%
| Material | Top source | share | import HHI | risk | China | # sources | imports |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Beryllium, unwrought | 🇰🇿 Kazakhstan | 100% | 1.00 | 74 | 0% | 1 | $2M |
| Phosphate rock | 🇵🇪 Peru | 100% | 1.00 | 30 | 0% | 8 | $330M |
| Tungsten, unwrought | 🇨🇳 China ⛏ | 90% | 0.81 | 50 | 90% | 10 | $15M |
| Natural graphite | 🇨🇳 China ⛏ | 82% | 0.68 | 51 | 82% | 16 | $6M |
| Fluorspar, >97% CaF2 | 🇲🇽 Mexico | 78% | 0.63 | 50 | 9% | 11 | $149M |
| Rare-earth permanent magnets | 🇨🇳 China ⛏ | 76% | 0.58 | 52 | 76% | 46 | $481M |
| Refined copper cathodes | 🇨🇱 Chile ⛏ | 71% | 0.54 | 24 | 0% | 13 | $8.2B |
| Natural borates | 🇹🇷 Turkey ⛏ | 71% | 0.53 | 41 | 0% | 9 | $27M |
| Manganese ore | 🇬🇦 Gabon | 70% | 0.52 | 46 | 0% | 12 | $93M |
| Titanium, unwrought | 🇯🇵 Japan | 68% | 0.50 | 43 | 3% | 22 | $483M |
| Strontium carbonate | 🇩🇪 Germany | 68% | 0.54 | 57 | 1% | 7 | $10M |
| Feldspar | 🇹🇷 Turkey ⛏ | 65% | 0.46 | 27 | 0% | 11 | $10M |
| Magnesium, unwrought | 🇮🇱 Israel | 64% | 0.49 | 60 | 3% | 11 | $138M |
| Helium | 🇨🇦 Canada | 60% | 0.39 | 21 | 6% | 27 | $163M |
| Ferro-niobium | 🇧🇷 Brazil ⛏ | 58% | 0.51 | 64 | 0% | 6 | $277M |
| Lithium carbonate | 🇨🇱 Chile | 57% | 0.49 | 65 | 0% | 9 | $195M |
| Nickel, unwrought | 🇨🇦 Canada | 56% | 0.36 | 32 | 0% | 8 | $1.3B |
| Cobalt oxides & hydroxides | 🇫🇮 Finland | 53% | 0.36 | 52 | 2% | 12 | $39M |
| Phosphorus | 🇰🇿 Kazakhstan | 50% | 0.44 | 56 | 1% | 14 | $32M |
| Coking coal | 🇨🇦 Canada | 47% | 0.40 | 22 | 0% | 6 | $394M |
| Platinum, unwrought | 🇿🇦 South Africa ⛏ | 46% | 0.26 | 39 | 0% | 15 | $1.4B |
| Palladium, unwrought | 🇷🇺 Russia ⛏ | 45% | 0.36 | 25 | 0% | 12 | $1.9B |
| Silicon, < 99.99% | 🇧🇷 Brazil | 44% | 0.26 | 47 | 0% | 20 | $513M |
| Germanium | 🇩🇪 Germany | 42% | 0.23 | 47 | 20% | 29 | $324M |
| Gallium | 🇩🇪 Germany | 42% | 0.23 | 58 | 20% | 29 | $324M |
| Hafnium, unwrought | 🇩🇪 Germany | 42% | 0.23 | 33 | 20% | 29 | $324M |
| Arsenic | 🇨🇳 China | 39% | 0.25 | 31 | 39% | 6 | $2M |
| Ferro-vanadium | 🇨🇦 Canada | 38% | 0.31 | 46 | 0% | 10 | $86M |
| Antimony, unwrought | 🇹🇭 Thailand | 33% | 0.18 | 35 | 11% | 23 | $86M |
| Tantalum, unwrought | 🇩🇪 Germany | 32% | 0.20 | 33 | 17% | 19 | $96M |
| Aluminium ores / bauxite | 🇯🇲 Jamaica | 32% | 0.23 | 45 | 23% | 10 | $162M |
| Baryte | 🇮🇳 India ⛏ | 23% | 0.17 | 15 | 18% | 15 | $233M |
Computed from out/flows_2024.json + out/data.json by build_profiles.py. Customs records the immediate shipper, not the mine — see methodology.