How to read this. Each row is where Turkey imports a material from — the
immediate customs origin, sorted by single-supplier concentration. ⛏ marks a top source that is also
the material's lead miner (a genuine origin); without it, the supplier is a refiner or hub and the real
mine sits further upstream (open the material's profile to see where).
Import-vulnerability index (12/100). A value-weighted average, across Turkey’s
imports, of each material’s supply-risk index × how concentrated Turkey’s
own sourcing of it is. High when it buys intrinsically risky materials from a single supplier; lower when
it diversifies. The risk column below is the material’s own score — multiply it by the country’s
share to see where Turkey is most exposed.
China’s share of Turkey’s critical-material imports, 2002–2024: 3% → 1%
| Material | Top source | share | import HHI | risk | China | # sources | imports |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Palladium, unwrought | 🇨🇭 Switzerland | 100% | 1.00 | 25 | 0% | 1 | $705k |
| Tantalum, unwrought | 🇩🇪 Germany | 96% | 0.92 | 33 | 4% | 4 | $116k |
| Magnesium, unwrought | 🇨🇳 China ⛏ | 96% | 0.91 | 60 | 96% | 8 | $24M |
| Natural graphite | 🇩🇪 Germany | 93% | 0.87 | 51 | 3% | 10 | $1M |
| Feldspar | 🇪🇸 Spain | 90% | 0.81 | 27 | 1% | 11 | $6M |
| Arsenic | 🇨🇳 China | 88% | 0.79 | 31 | 88% | 6 | $364k |
| Rare-earth permanent magnets | 🇨🇳 China ⛏ | 82% | 0.69 | 52 | 82% | 10 | $36M |
| Phosphate rock | 🇲🇦 Morocco | 80% | 0.66 | 30 | 0% | 6 | $140M |
| Phosphorus | 🇨🇳 China ⛏ | 76% | 0.63 | 56 | 76% | 4 | $159k |
| Strontium carbonate | 🇩🇪 Germany | 76% | 0.63 | 57 | 23% | 5 | $621k |
| Lithium carbonate | 🇩🇪 Germany | 76% | 0.60 | 65 | 11% | 7 | $10M |
| Aluminium ores / bauxite | 🇨🇳 China | 71% | 0.54 | 45 | 71% | 12 | $24M |
| Germanium | 🇭🇰 Hong Kong | 68% | 0.51 | 47 | 3% | 8 | $2M |
| Gallium | 🇭🇰 Hong Kong | 68% | 0.51 | 58 | 3% | 8 | $2M |
| Hafnium, unwrought | 🇭🇰 Hong Kong | 68% | 0.51 | 33 | 3% | 8 | $2M |
| Manganese ore | 🇿🇦 South Africa ⛏ | 68% | 0.50 | 46 | 0% | 9 | $25M |
| Baryte | 🇲🇦 Morocco | 66% | 0.47 | 15 | 0% | 12 | $24M |
| Platinum, unwrought | 🇯🇵 Japan | 65% | 0.48 | 39 | 0% | 6 | $2M |
| Tungsten, unwrought | 🇬🇧 United Kingdom | 65% | 0.52 | 50 | 31% | 6 | $556k |
| Silicon, < 99.99% | 🇨🇳 China ⛏ | 61% | 0.42 | 47 | 61% | 6 | $28M |
| Natural borates | 🇮🇹 Italy | 60% | 0.43 | 41 | 20% | 4 | $1k |
| Ferro-niobium | 🇧🇷 Brazil ⛏ | 55% | 0.37 | 64 | 0% | 13 | $57M |
| Coking coal | 🇷🇺 Russia | 53% | 0.34 | 22 | 0% | 12 | $4.6B |
| Refined copper cathodes | 🇰🇿 Kazakhstan | 37% | 0.24 | 24 | 0% | 14 | $3.1B |
| Cobalt oxides & hydroxides | 🇫🇮 Finland | 34% | 0.21 | 52 | 19% | 9 | $9M |
| Titanium, unwrought | 🇨🇳 China ⛏ | 34% | 0.23 | 43 | 34% | 8 | $817k |
| Nickel, unwrought | 🇯🇵 Japan | 33% | 0.25 | 32 | 0% | 9 | $96M |
| Ferro-vanadium | 🇷🇺 Russia | 29% | 0.21 | 46 | 5% | 10 | $23M |
| Fluorspar, >97% CaF2 | 🇩🇪 Germany | 28% | 0.18 | 50 | 11% | 10 | $1M |
| Helium | 🇷🇺 Russia | 26% | 0.19 | 21 | 0% | 10 | $22M |
| Antimony, unwrought | 🇻🇳 Vietnam | 17% | 0.14 | 35 | 15% | 8 | $5M |
Computed from out/flows_2024.json + out/data.json by build_profiles.py. Customs records the immediate shipper, not the mine — see methodology.