How to read this. Each row is where France imports a material from — the
immediate customs origin, sorted by single-supplier concentration. ⛏ marks a top source that is also
the material's lead miner (a genuine origin); without it, the supplier is a refiner or hub and the real
mine sits further upstream (open the material's profile to see where).
Import-vulnerability index (17/100). A value-weighted average, across France’s
imports, of each material’s supply-risk index × how concentrated France’s
own sourcing of it is. High when it buys intrinsically risky materials from a single supplier; lower when
it diversifies. The risk column below is the material’s own score — multiply it by the country’s
share to see where France is most exposed.
China’s share of France’s critical-material imports, 2002–2024: 1% ↑ 4%
| Material | Top source | share | import HHI | risk | China | # sources | imports |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Beryllium, unwrought | 🇺🇸 United States ⛏ | 98% | 0.97 | 74 | 0% | 2 | $122k |
| Strontium carbonate | 🇩🇪 Germany | 89% | 0.81 | 57 | 0% | 6 | $3M |
| Ferro-niobium | 🇧🇷 Brazil ⛏ | 84% | 0.71 | 64 | 0% | 6 | $43M |
| Phosphorus | 🇰🇿 Kazakhstan | 83% | 0.70 | 56 | 0% | 8 | $8M |
| Natural graphite | 🇪🇸 Spain | 82% | 0.68 | 51 | 3% | 13 | $486k |
| Antimony, unwrought | 🇹🇯 Tajikistan | 82% | 0.69 | 35 | 1% | 9 | $135M |
| Silicon, < 99.99% | 🇳🇴 Norway | 80% | 0.64 | 47 | 0% | 14 | $84M |
| Helium | 🇩🇿 Algeria | 79% | 0.63 | 21 | 3% | 25 | $464M |
| Platinum, unwrought | 🇮🇹 Italy | 68% | 0.49 | 39 | 0% | 11 | $30M |
| Coking coal | 🇦🇺 Australia ⛏ | 67% | 0.52 | 22 | 0% | 11 | $985M |
| Fluorspar, >97% CaF2 | 🇩🇪 Germany | 64% | 0.48 | 50 | 5% | 6 | $2M |
| Tungsten, unwrought | 🇬🇧 United Kingdom | 63% | 0.45 | 50 | 20% | 7 | $1M |
| Rare-earth permanent magnets | 🇨🇳 China ⛏ | 62% | 0.41 | 52 | 62% | 28 | $137M |
| Refined copper cathodes | 🇨🇱 Chile ⛏ | 59% | 0.40 | 24 | 0% | 9 | $1.4B |
| Manganese ore | 🇬🇦 Gabon | 55% | 0.48 | 46 | 0% | 18 | $73M |
| Cobalt oxides & hydroxides | 🇬🇧 United Kingdom | 53% | 0.35 | 52 | 17% | 9 | $9M |
| Palladium, unwrought | 🇮🇹 Italy | 53% | 0.36 | 25 | 0% | 10 | $65M |
| Titanium, unwrought | 🇰🇿 Kazakhstan | 52% | 0.33 | 43 | 0% | 25 | $169M |
| Natural borates | 🇹🇷 Turkey ⛏ | 51% | 0.34 | 41 | 0% | 9 | $4M |
| Arsenic | 🇩🇪 Germany | 49% | 0.42 | 31 | 4% | 8 | $530k |
| Baryte | 🇪🇸 Spain | 45% | 0.31 | 15 | 0% | 8 | $7M |
| Tantalum, unwrought | 🇺🇸 United States | 44% | 0.31 | 33 | 1% | 9 | $1M |
| Nickel, unwrought | 🇳🇴 Norway | 41% | 0.22 | 32 | 6% | 19 | $500M |
| Magnesium, unwrought | 🇨🇳 China ⛏ | 36% | 0.29 | 60 | 36% | 12 | $31M |
| Phosphate rock | 🇪🇬 Egypt | 36% | 0.29 | 30 | 0% | 15 | $14M |
| Ferro-vanadium | 🇿🇦 South Africa | 35% | 0.27 | 46 | 0% | 9 | $8M |
| Lithium carbonate | 🇨🇱 Chile | 34% | 0.24 | 65 | 0% | 11 | $28M |
| Germanium | 🇬🇧 United Kingdom | 30% | 0.20 | 47 | 25% | 8 | $15M |
| Gallium | 🇬🇧 United Kingdom | 30% | 0.20 | 58 | 25% | 8 | $15M |
| Hafnium, unwrought | 🇬🇧 United Kingdom | 30% | 0.20 | 33 | 25% | 8 | $15M |
| Feldspar | 🇹🇷 Turkey ⛏ | 29% | 0.21 | 27 | 0% | 10 | $5M |
| Aluminium ores / bauxite | 🇨🇳 China | 23% | 0.14 | 45 | 23% | 18 | $38M |
Computed from out/flows_2024.json + out/data.json by build_profiles.py. Customs records the immediate shipper, not the mine — see methodology.