How to read this. Each row is where Belgium imports a material from — the
immediate customs origin, sorted by single-supplier concentration. ⛏ marks a top source that is also
the material's lead miner (a genuine origin); without it, the supplier is a refiner or hub and the real
mine sits further upstream (open the material's profile to see where).
Import-vulnerability index (19/100). A value-weighted average, across Belgium’s
imports, of each material’s supply-risk index × how concentrated Belgium’s
own sourcing of it is. High when it buys intrinsically risky materials from a single supplier; lower when
it diversifies. The risk column below is the material’s own score — multiply it by the country’s
share to see where Belgium is most exposed.
China’s share of Belgium’s critical-material imports, 2002–2024: 4% ↓ 1%
| Material | Top source | share | import HHI | risk | China | # sources | imports |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Strontium carbonate | 🇩🇪 Germany | 100% | 1.00 | 57 | 0% | 1 | $360k |
| Ferro-niobium | 🇳🇱 Netherlands | 97% | 0.94 | 64 | 0% | 5 | $46M |
| Tantalum, unwrought | 🇺🇸 United States | 97% | 0.94 | 33 | 0% | 2 | $33k |
| Titanium, unwrought | 🇰🇿 Kazakhstan | 96% | 0.91 | 43 | 1% | 9 | $61M |
| Lithium carbonate | 🇨🇱 Chile | 93% | 0.86 | 65 | 0% | 8 | $76M |
| Cobalt oxides & hydroxides | 🇫🇮 Finland | 91% | 0.83 | 52 | 6% | 8 | $62M |
| Arsenic | 🇳🇱 Netherlands | 88% | 0.78 | 31 | 0% | 6 | $201k |
| Phosphate rock | 🇳🇱 Netherlands | 87% | 0.77 | 30 | 0% | 7 | $132M |
| Antimony, unwrought | 🇹🇯 Tajikistan | 83% | 0.69 | 35 | 5% | 11 | $133M |
| Fluorspar, >97% CaF2 | 🇩🇪 Germany | 80% | 0.68 | 50 | 0% | 3 | $2M |
| Baryte | 🇳🇱 Netherlands | 78% | 0.62 | 15 | 1% | 7 | $2M |
| Manganese ore | 🇫🇷 France | 77% | 0.62 | 46 | 0% | 8 | $8M |
| Phosphorus | 🇩🇪 Germany | 71% | 0.53 | 56 | 1% | 7 | $2M |
| Tungsten, unwrought | 🇫🇷 France | 66% | 0.49 | 50 | 0% | 5 | $65k |
| Natural borates | 🇱🇺 Luxembourg | 64% | 0.45 | 41 | 0% | 8 | $9M |
| Coking coal | 🇦🇺 Australia ⛏ | 63% | 0.46 | 22 | 0% | 13 | $677M |
| Natural graphite | 🇨🇳 China ⛏ | 63% | 0.45 | 51 | 63% | 6 | $189k |
| Ferro-vanadium | 🇩🇪 Germany | 58% | 0.40 | 46 | 0% | 7 | $2M |
| Feldspar | 🇳🇱 Netherlands | 51% | 0.36 | 27 | 0% | 9 | $4M |
| Rare-earth permanent magnets | 🇨🇳 China ⛏ | 48% | 0.33 | 52 | 48% | 13 | $14M |
| Platinum, unwrought | 🇩🇪 Germany | 48% | 0.31 | 39 | 0% | 14 | $185M |
| Aluminium ores / bauxite | 🇨🇳 China | 46% | 0.29 | 45 | 46% | 8 | $3M |
| Helium | 🇫🇷 France | 43% | 0.31 | 21 | 0% | 14 | $54M |
| Germanium | 🇺🇸 United States | 42% | 0.28 | 47 | 27% | 15 | $13M |
| Gallium | 🇺🇸 United States | 42% | 0.28 | 58 | 27% | 15 | $13M |
| Hafnium, unwrought | 🇺🇸 United States | 42% | 0.28 | 33 | 27% | 15 | $13M |
| Refined copper cathodes | 🇨🇩 Congo [DRC] | 38% | 0.30 | 24 | 0% | 9 | $256M |
| Palladium, unwrought | 🇩🇪 Germany | 37% | 0.26 | 25 | 0% | 17 | $100M |
| Nickel, unwrought | 🇳🇱 Netherlands | 37% | 0.26 | 32 | 0% | 12 | $427M |
| Silicon, < 99.99% | 🇳🇱 Netherlands | 37% | 0.21 | 47 | 8% | 8 | $28M |
| Magnesium, unwrought | 🇳🇱 Netherlands | 32% | 0.24 | 60 | 27% | 7 | $5M |
Computed from out/flows_2024.json + out/data.json by build_profiles.py. Customs records the immediate shipper, not the mine — see methodology.